class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide .title[ # 6. In Summary ] .author[ ### Jasper Slingsby, BIO3014S ] .date[ ### 2025-08-29 ] --- class: center, middle ### This is a discussion, not a lecture. These slides may not make much sense in isolation... --- ## Lecture 1, Slide 11: ### The tough questions... - Where should we put (or expand) protected areas? - How do we ensure the effectiveness of our protected areas? - How do we protect biodiversity outside protected areas? -- Answering these requires (key themes): - Mapping biodiversity - Identifying and assessing threats to biodiversity - Deciding on biodiversity conservation priorities - Optimising trade-offs in priorities for protected area design - Tools to inform management - Early warning systems - Monitoring change in biodiversity and other key variables (e.g. fire, land cover change, etc) --- ## Lectures .pull-left[ - Intro: Space and Conservation - Area-Based Conservation - Threat assessments - Remote Sensing of Biodiversity - Guest lecture by **Dr Andrew Skowno**, SANBI - Discussion of Gurney et al. 2023 - Guest lecture by **Dr Ralph Watson**, UCT - Guest lecture by **Dr Glenn Moncrieff**, The Nature Conservancy - Protecting Area in a Changing World ] .pull-right[ |Theme |Andrew |Ralph |Glenn | |:-----------------------------------|:------|:-----|:-----| |Mapping biodiversity |X |X |X | |Assessing threats to biodiversity |X | |X | |Deciding on priorities |X | |X | |Optimising trade-offs in priorities |X | |X | |Tools to inform management |X | |X | ] --- # Cross-cutting themes - Local vs Global: priorities, policy, planning, analyses and actions -- - Policy: - Global: CBD - Aichi targets, Global Biodiversity Framework, SDGs, etc - National Legislation: NEM:BA - National policy tools/instruments/informants: NBA, NBSAPs, National Protected Area Expansion Strategies - Provincial and municipal policies and plans -- - Information to action pipeline: - Indicators - for reporting nationally and to global commitments (e.g. CBD) - Maps - for application in planning (e.g. priorities) and management - Messaging - focus on creating light (awareness) vs heat (conflict) -- - Inside vs outside protected areas - Protected area effectiveness and management tools (I) - Protected area expansion/design (O) - Land use planning and EIAs (O) - Restoration and sustainable use (O) --- # Cross-cutting themes cont. - Measuring impact (often comparing inside vs outside PAs) - Effectiveness of protected areas / Impact of conservation actions - Attribution and additionality (are we doing better than the baseline) - TNC planning for impact (i.e. prioritising sites with the greatest threats) -- - Expanding set of priorities - Biodiversity > ecosystem services > climate change > human well-being - Clear in IUCN timeline, but also in Glenn and Andrew's talks re TNC and SANBI approach - More hooks to achieve conservation, but also more complexity and trade-offs! -- - Increased focus on repeatability/reproducibility of methods - allow regular updates and comparisons over time or between regions/countries - transparency and trust - Increased focus on forecasting - of impacts - to help plan/prioritise conservation actions - of biodiversity - to help decision making and/or assess effectiveness of conservation actions --- # Other observations Evolution of Remote Sensing: - From measuring the environment to direct measures of biodiversity - From single date to time series - From single sensor to multiple sensors - Complex models to integrate multiple data sources Ralph's approach vs prac? - Prac = supervised classification - We specified the classes and training data - Ralph = unsupervised classification + field validation - Let the data tell us what the classes are - Needs validation! - Some level of expert input through decisions on input data and number of classes --- class: center, middle <img src="data:image/png;base64,#images/pace_first_light_composite.png" width="65%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> We're starting to directly map components of biodiversity... --- class: center, middle # Thanks! Slides created via the R packages: [**xaringan**](https://github.com/yihui/xaringan)<br> [gadenbuie/xaringanthemer](https://github.com/gadenbuie/xaringanthemer) The chakra comes from [remark.js](https://remarkjs.com), [**knitr**](http://yihui.name/knitr), and [R Markdown](https://rmarkdown.rstudio.com).